CURRENT STATE OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION



CURRENT STATE OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION


From: 

AZIM AZHAR BIN ZAKARIYA (237809)
WAN AZIDA BINTI WAN AZIZ (242824)
MUHAMMAD SALAHUDDIN BIN MD. SALLIM (238310)





INTRODUCTION

Current state of global environmental cooperation is a joint action between two or more actor of having shared interests or effort for a further prosperous and sustainable environmental. The cooperative is important to achieve certain goals and to sharing common interests. For an example is the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Control of Targeted Chemicals, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). So, in order to analyses the current states of global environmental cooperation these three approaches will be explore details.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

What is UNEP?
The United Nations Environment Programme is an agency of the United Nations that coordinates its environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices. UNEP mission is to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without missing that of future generations.

What UNEP does?

First, assessing global, regional and national environmental conditions and trends. Second, developing international agreements and national environmental instruments. Next, strengthening institutions for the wise management of the environment. Its is to minimize the impact of harmful substance and hazardous waste on the environment and people. Moreover, UNEP helps countries manage the life cycles of chemical substances and waste that could pose a threat to the environment and human health as being below:

1) REDUCING RISK FROM MERCURY

It is an important step forward towards eliminating the use of one the world’s most toxic heavy metals, mercury, was taken in June 2010. (UNEP) serving as the secretariat, convened the first session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to prepare a global legally binding instrument on Mercury (INCI).

2) CHEMICAL AT SEA

The Global Programme of action for the protection of the Marine Environment from land-based activities (GPA Marine) is the only global intergovernmental initiative directly addressing the link between watersheds, coastal water and the open ocean.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
How this does CITES work?

Each party to the convention must designate one or more Management Authorities in charge of administrating that licensing system and one or more scientific authorities advise them on the effects of trade on the status of the species. Even though it is successful in regulating the international trade, CITES also has various limitations because this CITES has no enforcement authority of their own. Under the convention, various plants and animal species are seized because of illegalities and this animal and plant are released into the non-native areas itself without bringing them into the original ecosystem. The over restriction in the international trade is fueling the black marketing in the trade of plants and animals. This including Rhino Horn, Tiger Bone, and Elephant Ivory.

What is CITES aim?

In order to ensure that the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT was not violated, the Secretariat of GATT was consulted during the drafting process. CITES is one of the largest and oldest conservation and sustainable use agreements in existence. Participation is voluntary, and countries that have agreed to be bound by the Convention are known as Parties. This convention have three appendix:

Appendix 1: Species of threatened animal of extinction and provide the greatest level of protection such as Gorilla, Sea Turtles, Lady Slipper Orchids, and Giant Pandas.
Appendix II: Currently not threatened with extinction, but may become extinct without trade controls.
Appendix III: Includes species for which a range country has asked other parties to help in controlling international trade such as Map Turtles, Walruses, and Cape Stag Beetles.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
The Strategic and Major Role of Current ASEAN

Through ‘ASEAN WAY’ the planning of Haze-Free ASEAN by 2020 requires ASEAN environment ministers attending 11th Conference of Parties in 2015. Second is through the Plan of Action (POA) 2016 that stress on the ASEAN cooperation regarding the forest and climate change. Third is the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (A.A.T.H.P). Through A.A.T.H.P the Roadmap on ASEAN Cooperation towards Transboundary Haze Pollution Control with Means of Implementation had been stress on. Not just that but ASEAN Plus Three Youth Environment Forum (AYEF) that is being supervised by ASEAN Working Group on Environmental Education (A.W.G.E.E) proved that current global cooperation had speeding the environmental awareness. The European Union (EU) acknowledged the ASEAN global environmental cooperation as E.U support the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) towards ASEAN-wide photo competition. The upmost theme is capturing the richness of biological resources health concerning about the environment preservation.

Conclusion
As a conclusion, state is very important in protecting the environment. State is seen to be able to enforce the law to be followed. For an example, CITES is a voluntarily organization but CITES is well organized from many Parties. This shows that state is very helpful in maintaining and conserve the environment. Therefore, to achieve global environmental cooperation the state is an important medium in its implementation. This is because state recognizes the responsibility of the environment friendly and needs to be implemented through jointly cooperation. Thus, the environment is being shared by many state and not just own by one state only.



REFERENCES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. (1973, March 3). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Washington D. C.
Hutton, J., & Dickson, B. (Eds.). (2000). Endangered Species, Threatened Convention: the Past, Present and Future of CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. London: Earthscan.
Reeve, R. (2014). Policing International Trade in Endangered Species: the CITES Treaty and Compliance. Routledge.
Wijnstekers, W. (2011). The Evolution of the CITES: a Reference to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
(UiTM), U. T. (2014). Current Affairs in South Asia. Machang, Kelantan, Malaysia: Universiti Teknologi Mara.
ASEAN Cooperation on Environment. (2018, September 27). Retrieved November 26, 2018, from environment.asean.org: http://environment.asean.org/media-release-asean-launches-youth-biodiversity-programme/
Chipet, M. E. (2015, March 2-6). Institutional Framework of the UN ECOSOC: the Case of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF). 6.
Elliott, L. (2017, Mac 24). Environmental regionalism: moving in from the policy margins. The Pacific Review, 6.
Mohamad Faisol Keling, L. S. (2007). ASEAN dan Isu-Isu Serantau. Sintok, Sintok, Kedah: Penerbit Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Mohamad Faisol Keling, M. D. (2006). Konsep Asas Hubungan Antarabangsa dan Pengajian Strategi. (A. A. Ramli, Ed.) Sintok, Sintok, Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Pereira, J. C. (2015, June 16). Environmental issues and international relations, a new global (dis)order - the role of International Relations in promoting a concerted international system. Retrieved November 24, 2018, from secretaria@ibri-rbpi.org: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292015000100191
RELEASE, A. M. (Ed.). (2018, October 05). 14TH MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE ASEAN AGREEMENT ON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION. Retrieved November 25, 2018, from http://environment.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Adopted-Media-Release-COP-14.pdf
Warokka, A. (2015, September 11). International Cooperation in Environmental Issues; Dream or Strategy? Retrieved November 24, 2018, from Environmental Law and Policy LLM Blog: https://law.stanford.edu/2015/11/11/international-cooperation-environmental-issues-dream-strategy/
















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